Survey of wild bird species was done in El-Wady El-Gadid Governorate during years 2014 and 2015. Evaluation of some environmentally safe bird damage-prevention methods were carried out in rice, sorghum and wheat fields. The survey results showed that 15 bird species "Resident (Re) and Visitor (Vi)" were recorded; Bubulcus ibis (Cattle egret) (Re), Vanellus spinosus (Spur winged lapwing) (Re), Spilopelia senegalensis (Laughing dove) (Re), Streptopelia decaocto (Eurasian collared dove) (Re), Motacilla alba (White wagtail) (Vi)and Passer domesticus (house sparrow) (Re), were found in El-Kharga, El- Dakhla and El-Farafra, Elanus caeruleus (Black-winged kite) (Re), Athene noctua (Little owl) (Re), Gallinula chloropus (Moorhen) (Vi), Ardeola ralloides (The squacco heron) (Vi), Merops persicus (Blue-cheeked bee-eater) (Vi), Egretta garzetta (Little egret) (Vi), Himantopus himantopus (Black-winged stilt) (Re) and Pycnonotus goiavier (yellow-vented bulbul) were found in El- Dakhla. While Coturnix ypsilophora (The brown quail) (Re) was found in El-Kharga. Results also revealed that damage in rice by thehouse sparrow was high in Gharb-El-Mawhob. While laughing dove caused high damage in sorghum crop, but it did not cause damage in wheat, in El-Dakhla. There was significant decrease in house sparrow damage to rice by using three methods of bird scaring methods, i.e. balloon, metallic-coloured stripes and aluminium reflective stripes at three different hights. The damage of laughing dove to sorghum crop was also significantly decreased by the use of these scaring devises at different heights compared with control. It could be concluded that the best bird environmentally scaring method was the aluminium reflective stripes, at

The present work has been suggested to screening and documenting the diversity of scale characteristics of three Epinephelus species, namely: E. bleekeri, E. coioides and E. latifasciatus from the Arabian Gulf at Kuwait. Scale characteristics, its detailed structure and superficial ornamentation were studied in terms of morphology and Scanning Electron Microscopic techniques. A wide spectrum of size-free interspecific variations was recorded concerning the surface morphology, shape of interradial tongues and the first circulus, the interradial circuli, most outer lateral circuli, inner lateral circuli, denticles, interradial and intercircular grooves, segmentation and granulation pattern of the caudal field and the shape of ctenii. The results of the present study has clearly indicated the potential application of scale shape variation in identification of Epinephelus species; and also, revealed that the qualitative characters of the scales of the three Epinephelus species studied exhibited species-specific valuable taxonomic characters for each species and indicated that such qualitative characters are genetically fixed and more stable.

The characteristic differentiation of the shell morphology and genitalia organs of the two native desert terrestrial snails Eremina desertorum desertorum (Forskål, 1775)and Eremina desertorum irregularis (Férussac, 1821) had been discussed in this article, showing the main characteristic aspects of the two taxa through the previous and recent literatures and studies of this genus. The two species are common widespread land snails that inhabit the desert of North Coast region of northern part of Egypt along the Mediterranean Sea, and considered as part of the natural ecosystem. These two taxa are different local subspecies where their morphological and anatomical descriptions are presented in this study.

Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide has been used widely in agriculture to control pests. DZN has been found to induce reproductive dysfunctions in animals, particularly, avian species. This current study evaluated the lethal effects of acutely ingested DZN on the ovaries of laying hens. Twenty white leghorn laying hens were divided equally into two groups. Group one was kept as a control, and the second group was administrated orally with a single dose of DZN (6 mg/kg B.W) for twenty one days. At end of the experiment, serum and tissue samples (ovaries) were collected for hormonal and histopathological analysis. The results revealed that body weight was not affected significantly by DZN treatment. However, DZN treated group exhibited destructive changes in folliculogenesis, degeneration of ovarian follicles, and stromal hemorrhage in comparison with the control group. Additionally, significant changes of steroidal hormonal levels were observed with a significant increase in serum progesterone and decrease in estrogen in the treated group as compared to the control group. Therefore, the current reduction of serum estrogen in our study could be due to the destructive effects of DZN on ovarian tissues and/or its ability to alter the expression of P450 aromatase, the enzyme which is involved in estrogen production. In the contrary, serum progesterone levels increased significantly. This increase might be due to the activation of some steroidogenic enzymes such as 3ß-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase (3ß-HSD) by ovarian secondary follicles. In conclusion, this current study showed that acute oral administration of DZN induces destructive structural changes in ovary and changes in female sex steroid hormone levels in blood. This lethal effect of DZN may lead to the infertility in laying hens, thus economic lose and health impact.

Rodent cause major economic losses in man food item and often hinder production also, inflict health to people and live-stock in villages. Sohag one of the upper Egyptian Governorates is similarity in weather, agriculture and housing structure and lifestyle. Rodent species survey and calculate density in three different habitats to know the distribution shape and number development beside use change the base carrier of zinc phosphide bait technique when use more time to increase effectiveness in rodent control programs. Five species at family Muridae recorded in Akhmim district (Sohag Governorate) through 2014-2016 in the tested habitats, R. rattus, R. norvegicus, A. niloticus, A. cahirinus and M. musculus. The average number of all rodent species at two years was 689 rats and mice, 187.5 in field crops, 180.5 in vegetable city market and 321 in countryside village. Each habitat are discrimination of one specie, A. niloticus in field crops, A. cahirinus in countryside village and M.musculus in vegetable city market. R. rattus and R. norvegicus spread in the three habitats, R. norvegicus the predominant species in field crops only and R. rattus in other two habitats. The highest density of all recorded species was during spring then summer, whereas autumn and winter respectively. Using technique food base carrier at zinc phosphide bait 0.5% change in the next application after 15 delayed to increase the population reduction of rodent to 88.2 % and 84.6 % when change maize bait by wheat bait compared with applied the same food carrier of crushed maize over once after 15 day the reduction were 69 % and 71.7 % in countryside village and field crops respectively. The bait shyness of zinc phosphide reduce with change food bias carrier in the next application after 15 day the bait intake were (135 and 147 (g)) compared apply the same first bait after 15 day, bait intake were 22 and 26 g to each countryside village and field crops respectively

The present work aims to study the effect of the environmental factors (temperature, salinity and PH) on the food and feeding habits of Tilapia zilliicaughted from Lake Qarun. A total of 126 specimens of T. zillii were collected seasonally from the different localities of Lake Qarun, during the period from June, 2014 to July, 2015. Results showed that, the highest value of surface water temperature was recorded at Village 8 Station during summer (32.67±2.31 ºC) and the lowest (16.93±1.79 ºC) at Nema Island Station during winter. The maximum value of water salinity was recorded at Village 8 Station during summer (40.10±3.46 ‰) and autumn (40.47±2.73 ‰) and the minimum value (29.17±3.52 ‰) was observed at Kahk Village Station during winter. The highest values of hydrogen ion concentrations were recorded at Village 8 Station during summer (8.67±0.15) and autumn (8.76±0.02) and the lowest values were detected at Ezbet Abd El-Alim Station during spring (7.96±0.09) and winter (7.96±0.12). The maximum values of feeding activity were recorded during autumn and summer and the minimum activity was observed during spring. The feeding activity is relatively larger in the younger fish than in the older one; being 41.63% in the former and 25.60% in the latter. Results showed that, the fish is mainly omnivorous and consumed a wide range of animal and plant foods. The plant food includes plant tissue, algae and diatoms while, the major animal food includes molluscs, polychaets, insects, pisces, nematods, crustaceans, Protozoa, Foraminifera and Rotifera. The relative amount of plant food increases with the increasing length of the fish. However, the relative amount of animal food and sand granules decreases with the increasing length of this fish.

This study was carried out to investigate the uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by intestinal helminths parasites in relation to the muscular tissues of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium species) obtained from Lekki Lagoon, Epe, Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 120 specimens composed of 82 Macrobrachium macrobrachion and 38 Macrobrachium species was < 2.0.The trend of the mean metal concentration in the infected specimen ranged from Mn> Zn> Fe> Cu> Pb> Cr> Cd> Ni and Mn> Fe> Zn> Cr> Pb> Cu> Ni> Cd in the parasite.In the the non –infected specimens the trend shows; Mn > Fe> Cu> Zn> Cd> Cr, Ni> and Pb. Manganese (Mn) was found to have high concentration compared to other metal analysed .Two of the metals (Pb and Mn) were found in significantly higher concentrations vollenhovenii were examined for helminths parasites. Four species of helminths parasites were recovered; Procamallanus species, Cucullanus species, Anisakis species and Pomphorhynchus species. Out of 82 specimens of Macrobrachium macrobrachion examined, 16 (19.51%) were infected. These infected specimens had 16(19.51%) males and 0(0.00%) female while the non- infected individuals had 49 (59.76%) male and 17(20.73%) females. The Chi-square distribution was significant at 0.01 level (x2(2) =5.20, p< 0.01).Sixteen specimens (16) (42.11%) were infected out of the 38 Macrobrachium vollenhovenii examined. The infected Macrobrachium vollenhovenii had 16(42.11%) males and 0(0.00%) female and the non- infected individuals had 18(47.37%) males and 4(10.53%) females. The Chi-square distribution was significant at 0.01 level (x2(2) =5.20, p< 0.01). The condition factor in the study for Macrobrachium macrobrachion in female was 1.4±0.40 and in male 1.45±0.49, while the condition factor (K) of M. vollenhovenii in female was 1.18±0.20 and in male 1.63±0.61. The mean value for the condition factor of both in acanthocephalans compared with the host tissues. While five of the metals (Fe, Zn, Cd, Cu and Cr) were found in significant high concentration in the infected tissue than the parasites. Analysis of all the heavy metal sample recorded for the water and sediment media of Lekki lagoon, indicate Zn to be above the FME permissible limit. However, findings from this study indicate that the acanthocephalans interfere with the uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metal in relation to the tissue of the freshwater prawn, and can be applied in biomonitoring procedure of environmental pollution.

The veronicellid slug Laevicaulis stuhlmanni aegypti Ali & Robinson (Family: Veronicellidae) is a new subspecies and record that had been discovered for the first timein garden in El Zamalek at Cairo governorate, Egypt.The main biological aspects of theveronicellid slug had been recorded i.e., incubation period, hatchability percentage, life cycle, oviposition, generation period as well as life span. These observations were recorded under laboratory conditions during slug’s activity season starting from March till early December. Biology of veronicellid slug had not adequate study of their life cycle and behavior, especially for new subspecies record in the Egyptian environment. Self-fertilization is the normal breeding system for laying eggs; with big number of egg clutches, that makes the slug is a dangerous invader pest with population for attacking any new environment in the future.